Clothes make the awīlum

2–4 minutes

In Old Babylonian schools, if you didn’t wear the newest Prada™ robes but instead cheap hand-me-downs that your mother hardly even gave you, you were considered to be less loved by her. … or so argued the spoiled son of a high official, Iddin-Sîn, who wrote to his mother, Zinû. Poor Iddin-Sîn had to live off cheap garments, while wool in her house was cosumed like flour!!

The letter is better known than some others, having appeared in Oppenheim’s “Letters from Mesopotamia”, which also features the famous complaint to Ea-nāṣir. Iddin-Sîn who lived during Ḫammurabi’s time (1792-1750 BCE) was at boarding school, as was not unlikely for the offspring of wealthy and high-ranked families. His father, Šamaš-ḫāzir, was a high administration official in Larsa (Moran 1969: 629b). It shows some sloppiness in script and colloquialism in grammar, attesting to the young age or at least the training position the writer was in (ibid.).

Going to school with future priests, scribes & nobles meant a certain appearance had to be kept up. And to be fair to Iddin-Sîn, it does sound pretty stressful. Unimaginable the stress of seeing the son of your father’s servant/subordinate wear better garments than you!

This letter is one of the clearest attestations of how back then, too, clothing could be used to signal social class and status. And it is perhaps also an attestation of the eternal uncoolness of mum’s hand-made wool sweater. Zinû, Iddin-Sîn’s mother, was apparently not willing to send him a new garment (ll. 22-23), perhaps setting some boundaries. We (I) do not know how often he requested new garments before this letter.

Predating vestis virum facit, was thus perhaps ṣubātūm awīlam ippešū?

(c) Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités orientales, AO 8372 – https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010169127https://collections.louvre.fr/CGU

AO 8372 (TCL 18, 111)

 a-na zi-nu-úTo Zinû
 qí-bí-maSpeak!
 um-ma i-din-den.zu-maThus (says) Iddin-Sîn:
 dutu dmarduk ù dnin-šuburŠamaš, Marduk, and Ilabrat
5aš-šum-ia a-na da-ri-a-timFor me, for eternity,
 li-ba-al-li-ṭù-kiMay they keep you well!
 túgṣú-ba-a-at a-wi-le-eThe clothes of the gentlemen
 ša-at-tam a-na ša-at-timYear by year
 i-da-am-mi-qúThey improve.
10at-ti túgṣu-ba-a-tiYou, my clothes
 ša-at-tam a-na ša-at-timYear by year
 tu-qá-al-la-liYou make them cheaper.
 i-na túgṣú-ba-ti-iaBy cheapening14 my clothes
 qù-ul-lu-lim ù *ku-uz-ziand scrimping (them)
15ta-aš-ta-ri-iYou have become rich!
 i-na sík.ḫi.a i-na bi-ti-niWhile wool in our house
 ki-ma a-ka-lim in-na-ka-laLike bread is consumed
 at-ti túgṣú-ba-ti tu-qá-al-li-liYou have made my clothes cheaper.
 dumu mdiškur-i-din-namThe son of Adad-idinnam
20ša a-bu-šu ṣú-ḫa-ar a-bi-iaWhose father is a servant of my father
 ši-na túgú-ba-te-e eššu-timTwo new garments
 [la-b]i-iš a[t-ti] a-na túgú-ba-ti-iaHe wears. (But) you, (over)
 [iš]-te-en ta-ta-na-aḫ-da-rione garment22 for me, keep on getting upset.
 ki-ma at-ti ia-tiWhile you to me
25tu-ul-di-in-niHave given birth,
 [š]a-a-ti um-ma-šuHis mother
 a-na le-qí-timBy adoption
 [il-qé]-e-šuShe got him.
 ù ki-ma ša-a-tiBut as him
30um-ma-šu <i>-ra-a-mu-šuHis mother loves him,
 at-ti [ia]-a-ti ú-ul ta-ra-am-mi-in-niYou do not love me.

References

Moran, William. 1969. Akkadian Letters. In Pritchard, James T. (ed), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament 3, 623-632. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Oppenheim, Leo. 1967. Letters from Mesopotamia: official, business, and private letters on clay tablets from 2 millenia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.